Quimiohipertermia intravesical con mitomicina C. Actuación de enfermería / No disponible

La técnica que está utilizando enfermería en pacientes seleccionados con tumor vesical de alto grado se denomina "quimiohipertermia intravesical con mitomicina C". El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es mostrar el procedimiento llevado a cabo en nuestro servicio mediante la utilización del sistema Combat. La administración intravesical de mitomicina C mediante este sistema de circulación en circuito cerrado permite alcanzar una temperatura de 43ºC, favoreciendo de este modo la instilación a capas más profundas de la vejiga. Este método requiere de un aprendizaje previo y utilización adecuada del mismo con el fin de obtener una baja tasa de suspensión del tratamiento por efectos adversos

The technique that is using nursing in selected patients with bladder tumor of high degree is called "intravesical quimiohipertermia with Mitomycin C". The aim of this study is to show the procedure carried out in our service using the Combat system. The intravesical administration of mitomycin C through this system of movement in closed circuit allows to reach a temperature of 43ºC, there by favouring the instillation to deeper layers of the bladder. This method requires a prior learning and proper use of the same in order to obtain a low rate of discontinuation of treatment due to adverse effects

Biochemical conversion of sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolyzate supplemented with co-substrates for xylitol production.

Biotechnological production of xylitol is an attractive route to add value to a sugarcane biorefinery, through utilization of the hemicellulosic fraction of sugarcane straw, whose availability is increasing in Brazil. Herein, supplementation of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolyzate (xylose 57gL(-1)) with maltose, sucrose, cellobiose or glycerol was proposed, and their effect as co-substrates on xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was studied. Sucrose (10gL(-1)) and glycerol (0.7gL(-1)) supplementation led to significant increase of 8.88% and 6.86% on xylose uptake rate (1.11gL(-1)h(-1) and 1.09gL(-1)), respectively, but only with sucrose, significant increments of 12.88% and 8.69% on final xylitol concentration (36.11gL(-1)) and volumetric productivity (0.75gL(-1)h(-1)), respectively, were achieved. Based on these results, utilization of complex sources of sucrose, derived from agro-industries, as nutritional supplementation for xylitol production can be proposed as a strategy for improving the yeast performance and reducing the cost of this bioprocess by replacing more expensive nutrients.

Epidemiological Aspects of Osteosarcoma, Giant Cell Tumor and Chondrosarcoma Musculoskeletal Tumors--Experience of the National Rehabilitation Institute, Mexico City.

BACKGROUND: Primary bone neoplasms are rare, contributing only 0.2% of the global burden of all human malignancies. Osteosarcoma (OS) and chondrosarcoma (CS) are the most common malignancies of bone. The giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) is a benign tumor with behavior characterized by osteolytic bone destruction. The OS, CS and GCTb affect both sexes, all races and generally have incidence peaks regarding the age of the patient which vary according to the tumor type. We analyzed the incidences of OS, CS and GCTb and their relations with gender and age in patients treated in the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR, for its acronym in Spanish) over a period of nine years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study period, clinic pathological data for 384 patients were obtained with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis for OS, GCTb and CS. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: From 2006 to 2014 were recorded 384 cases of bone malignancies in the database of INR. The GCTb had the highest incidence (53.1%), followed by OS (31.3%) and finally the CS (15.6%). The overall average age was 33.6±15.8 years and the overall frequency of gender had a ratio of 1/1.03 male/female. The states with the highest incidence were Distrito Federal and Estado de Mexico with 29.2% and 25.3% respectively. Malignant neoplasms of bone assessed in the course of nine years show three significant increases in 2008, 2011 and 2014 (p=0.14). We found association between sex and tumor type (p=0.03), GCTb and CS predominated in females (54.9% and 56.6% respectively), while for the OS males were most affected (59.1%). Age was different in relation with tumor type (p=0.0001), average age was 24.3±11.2 years for OS, 34.5±13 years for GCTb and 49.2±18.5 years for CS. Furthermore, associations of tumor type with topographic location of the primary tumor (P=0.0001) were found. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we can see that incidence of musculoskeletal tumor in our population is continuously increasing and in nine years an approximately 200% increase of musculoskeletal tumor cases was observed.

Natural radionuclide content in building materials and gamma dose rate in dwellings in Cuba.

An extensive research project to investigate the radioactive properties of Cuban building materials was carried out because there is a lack of information on the radioactivity of such materials in Cuba. In the framework of this project 44 samples of commonly used raw materials and building products were collected in five Cuban provinces. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were determined by gamma ray spectrometry using a p-type coaxial high purity germanium detector and their mean values were in the ranges: 9-857Bqkg(-1) for (40)K; 6-57Bqkg(-1) for (226)Ra; and 1.2-22Bqkg(-1) for (232)Th. The radium equivalent activity in the 44 samples varied from 4Bqkg(-1) (wood) to 272Bqkg(-1) (brick). A high pressure ionisation chamber was used to measure the indoor absorbed dose rate in 543 dwellings and workplaces in five Cuban provinces. The average absorbed dose rates in air ranged from 43nGyh(-1) (Holguín) to 73nGyh(-1) (Camagüey) and the corresponding population-weighted annual effective dose due to external gamma radiation was estimated to be 145+/-40microSv. This value is 51% lower than the effective dose due to internal exposure from inhalation of decay products of (222)Rn and (220)Rn and it is 16% higher than the calculated value for the typical room geometry of a Cuban house.

Studies on internal exposure doses received by the cuban population due to the intake of radionuclides from the environmental sources.

Studies for the determination of radionuclide concentrations in foodstuffs, water and air were carried out in Cuba for the estimation of annual committed effective doses to members of the public as a result of environmental radionuclides via ingestion and inhalation. As a result of these studies, it was possible to determine the concentrations of 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 232Th, 90Sr and 137Cs in different food groups that constitute the diet of the Cuban population, as well as the 222Rn concentrations in air. Based on these results and using previously obtained results for doses due to the 40K body content, the annual committed effective doses due to the intake of studied radionuclides were estimated. An average value of 120+/-4 microSv y-1 was obtained for doses due to ingestion of food and water and the obtained value for 222Rn inhalation was 240+/-1 microSv y-1. Using the representative value obtained previously for 40K (150+/-40 microSv y-1) and assuming a dose of 50+/-50 microSv y-1 for the probable contribution of 220Rn by inhalation, a representative value of 560+/-20 microSv was estimated for the average annual committed effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides for the Cuban population. Obtained values are consistent with the expected results, taking into account the characteristics of Cuban exposure scenarios, with low-activity concentration levels in environmental objects and high air exchange rates in dwellings: These results are in the same order of magnitude as results obtained by other authors and the reference values established by the USNCEAR.

Immunocytochemical study of estrogen receptor activation factor (E-RAF) and the proteins that interact with nuclear estrogen receptor II (nER II) in epithelial endometrial cells, in the presence and in the absence of estradiol.

The localization and abundance of the estrogen receptor activation factor (E-RAF) and a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex containing three proteins, p32, p55 and p60, which interact with the nuclear estrogen receptor II (nER II), have been studied in rat endometrial epithelial cells by means of immunofluorescence and high resolution quantitative immunocytochemistry. In the cytoplasm E-RAF is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the nucleus it is mainly localized at the interchromatin space, and surrounding the clumps of compact or semi-condensed chromatin. Quantitative analyses show that the abundance of E-RAF in the nucleus increases after ovariectomy and decreases 3 minutes after estradiol administration. These results are in agreement with the currently available biochemical data. Double immunolocalizations demonstrate that p32, p55, p60 co-localize with other splicing-related protein. High resolution immunolocalization shows that p32, p55, p60 are associated with perichromatin fibrils (co-transcriptional splicing) and with clusters of interchromatin granules (storage of splicing-related molecules). The nuclear abundance of the snRNP complex decreases with ovariectomy, increases within 3 minutes after estradiol administration and remains higher than that in ovariectomized animals for 27 minutes. These results strongly support the previous data on the role of nER-II in the regulation of mRNA transcription and its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

[17-beta estradiol induces type III nitric oxide synthase expression in cultured endothelial cells]. / El 17-beta estradiol induce la expresión de la sintasa de óxido nítrico tipo III en células endoteliales en cultivo.

It has been suggested that the low incidence of cardiovascular diseases in premenopausal women, compared with that in men of the same age, is related to the interaction between the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and estrogens. The aim of the present work was to characterize the mechanism by which 17-beta estradiol produces an increment in NO release in cultured endothelial cells. Treatment of cells with 17-beta estradiol significantly increased the amount of nitrites delivered into the culture medium, compared with that from cells without estrogenic treatment. This effect was blocked by the antagonist of estrogen receptors, tamoxifen. By Western blot, it was shown that 17-beta estradiol significantly increased the amount of eNOS in treated cells, compared with that from their respective control cells. Moreover, the acetylcholine-induced release of nitrites in cells treated with 17-beta estradiol was higher than nitrite production induced by the same dose of acetylcholine in control cells. In conclusion, our data underline the physiological role of 17-beta estradiol, which promotes the increase in eNOS expression, potentiating the effects of vascular agonists that release nitric oxide, suggesting a cardiovascular protective role by estrogens.

[Puerperium with short-term hospitalization]. / Puerperio de corta estancia hospitalaria.

Seventy seven cases with discharge before 12 hours post-partum and 240 cases with discharge after 24 or more hours after delivery, were evaluated at Hospital General de México, in an observational, prospective, cohort, study in low risk deliveries. Both groups were reviewed ten days after delivery. There were no different ratios for abnormal uterine hemorrhage, urinary tract infection or endometritis. Thrombophlebitis was more frequent in early discharge patients, both statistically and clinically significant (RR3.58, CI95% 1.48-8.67, P = 0.003). This finding is discussed, as well as measures to prevent it. It is concluded that early discharge programs in low risk conditions, are convenient.

[The prevalence of markers for hepatitis A, B and C in a hospital in Mexico]. / Prevalencia de marcadores para hepatitis A, B y C en un hospital de México.

A prospective study was carried to determine the relative frequency of hepatitis A, B and C in patients with elevated liver enzymes (transaminases greater than two times normal) who had a viral hepatitis profile requested by their physicians between August of 1990 and July of 1992 in the Angeles Hospital in Mexico City. Prevalence of serological evidence of HBsAg and anti-hepatitis C antibodies was also studied in healthy blood donors seen at the hospital's blood bank during the same period. Among the 405 patients with elevated liver enzymes, 24.7 per cent had acute hepatitis A (positive anti-hepatitis A IgM), 7.9 per cent had active hepatitis B (positive HBsAg and/or HBcAb IgM) and 14.8 per cent had active or previous hepatitis C as evidenced by the presence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies. In blood donors the incidence of anti-hepatitis C and HBsAg was 0.61 and 0.32 per cent, respectively. A percentage of 46.2 of patients with anti-hepatitis C antibodies and transaminases greater than two-times normal had a past history of one or more blood transfusions. These data suggest that infection with the hepatitis C virus is more common than that caused by the B virus in both healthy blood donors, as well as in patients with hepatitis in this hospital.

[The presence of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and bioregulators in existing breeding grounds in areas served by a family physician in the municipality of Fomento]. / Presencia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) y biorreguladores en criaderos existentes en áreas atendidas por el médico de la familia en el municipio Fomento.

Research was made on the presence of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Fomento municipality health areas attended to by 52 family doctors, in Sancti Spíritus Province. 19 species were found. Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles albimanus were the most widely found. Fish and aquatic insect species serving as biological regulators were determined in each reservoir. The Gambusia punctata was the larvivorous fish most frequently found and most widely disseminated. Among predacious insects, those of the Odonata and Hemiptera orders were the most widely found.

New contribution to the ethnopharmacological study of the Canary Islands.

We present in this paper a report of 155 species used for medicinal purpose in the Canary Islands. These species have been compiled in 13 tables in accordance with their main medicinal use, indicating also other possible popular uses. We have made a short inventory of the rates of the most important medicinal applications. This new compilation shows once more the traditional use of the phytotherapeutic resources by the Canary population and also the wide possibilities of the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of the Canary Islands Flora.